Turkmenistan (Listeni / tɜrkmɛnɨstæn / or Listeni / tɜrkmɛnɨstɑːn /; Turkmen Turkmenistan), formerly known as Turkmenia, is one of the Turkish state in Central Asia. Turkmenistan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the northeast and east, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and west, and the Caspian Sea in the west. Present-day Turkmenistan covers an area that has been at the crossroads of civilizations for centuries. In medieval times Merv (today known as Mary) was one of the great cities of the Islamic world and an important stop on the Silk Road, a large road that used to trade with China until the mid 15th century. Annexed by the Russian Empire in 1881, Turkmenistan later prominent in the anti-Bolshevik movement in Central Asia. In 1924, Turkmenistan became a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (Turkmen SSR); independent dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Turkmenistan's GDP growth rate of 11% in 2012 came on the back of several years of sustained high growth, albeit from a very undiversified economic base supported by the export of a single commodity. It has the world's fourth largest reserves of natural gas resources. Although rich in natural resources in certain areas, most of the country is covered by the Karakum (Black Sand) Desert. Since 1993, residents have been receiving government-provided electricity, water and natural gas for free on collateral scheduled to last until 2030 Turkmenistan was ruled by President Saparmurat Niyazov Lifetime (called "Türkmenbaşy", "Leader of Turkmens") until his sudden death on December 21, Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow 2006 was elected as the new president on February 11, 2007
The country has the world's fourth largest reserves of natural gas and oil resources in. Turkmenistan has taken a cautious approach to economic reform, hoping to use gas and cotton sales to sustain its economy. In 2004, an estimated 60% unemployment rate. Between 1998 and 2002, Turkmenistan suffered from the continued lack of adequate export routes for natural gas and from obligations of short-term foreign debt is large. At the same time, however, the value of total exports has risen sharply because of rising international oil and gas prices. Economic prospects in the near future are discouraging because of widespread internal poverty and the burden of foreign debt.
and in the industry, which is growing rapidly in recent years. Especially the rapidly growing medical tourism. This is mainly due to the formation of Avaza tourist zone on the Caspian Sea. Every tourist must obtain a visa before entering Turkmenistan. To obtain a tourist visa, citizens of most countries need a visa support local travel agent. For travelers who visited Turkmenistan, organized tours with visits to historical sites Dashoguz, Konye-Urgench, Nisa, Merv, Mary, coastal tourism and medical travel and leisure Avaza in Mollakara, Yylly Suw, Archman.dan many places you flown
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