State of Qatar or دولة قطر Arabic is an the emirate in the Middle East which is located in a small a peninsula on the Arabian Peninsula. in southern limit is Saudi Arabia and the rest of the Persian Gulf is limited.
After the British and Ottoman domination in Qatar, Qatar finally became an independent state on September 3, 1971 In the past, the British master Qatar as a merchant ship transit before heading to India. Qatar then obtain status as a dependent of the British, then the status of a British protectorate which was discontinued in 1916.
After the Second World War, Qatar tried to gain independence, especially after India achieved independence in the 1950s. Qatar intensified after Britain granted independence to Kuwait in 1961, the British government said it would stop but will continue their mastery of the political control of the economy in Qatar. It is not allowed by Qatar to form the Federation of Arabian Gulf along with Bahrain.
Initially, Qatar economy focused on fishing and pearl pearl industry but fell after the emergence of the Japanese cultured pearls in the 1920s and 1930s. Economic transformations occurred in the 1940s, during the time the discovery of petroleum deposits. Now, the main income of Qatar is exporting oil and gas. Oil reserves are estimated at 15 billion barrels (2.4 km ³).
In recent years, Qatar government paid great attention to education. The Qatari government has built schools from kindergarten level up to the university. Several USA universities have opened branch in Qatar with the support of the Qatar Foundation, of which are Carnegie Mellon University, Georgetown University School of Foreign Service, Texas A & M University, Virginia Commonwealth University, and Cornell University's Weill Medical College. Emir of Qatar, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani of Qatar has established the Board of Education in 2002.
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